The on highest with 650 dome-shaped mountain top of the southern Frankenalb the meters was originally a Benediktinerkloster, which was converted 1588 into a fortress. Today is a local part of white castle in Bavaria.

Monastery

Legends

In Alfreds Kriegelsteins book "“legends legends stories from middle Franconia"” from the year 1983 (ISBN 3-7689-0203-X) is on side 233f the following legend for the establishment of the monastery on the

Pippin the short one and the

The Roman world realm had broken down long, the Roman farmers, the houses, the castellets had purged or had disappeared completely.

Franconias inhabited the country, over which now their princes prevailed.

One the most powerful was king Pippin the short one. That came once on the hunt into the wooded heights at the Roman castellet with white castle. The hunt fever had packed it. It was behind a volatile game ago, separated from its attendants and did not find the way back not again.

Pippin erred in the wilderness around. The night broke in here. It looked for a stock pile and established themselves finally at the foot of an old oak.

But it did not find sleep. It thought of the times back, in those in these forests Teutons and Romans had fought here and saw suddenly a white shape: a young, pretty Germanic girl. Like a nebula picture it floated there.

The king followed it like a dream transducer.

And the shape led it on a height. From here it could grasp the whole surrounding country in the light of the full moon.

There it met its attendants, to which the white shape had pointed the way to it. From joy and gratitude for this rescue he instructed to establish on this height a church.

The church a monastery followed and from the monastery became later a fortress, which is to be still seen today: the with white castle.

The original monastery was visited also repeatedly by Karl the large one, at least stated that the legend around the Karl ditch.

History

Over the church and the monastery before that 11. Century like it in above legend is called, can be found to nothing. As Benediktinerkloster with the Patrozinium Peter and Paul is it in the first half of the 11. Century based as salische donation its.

In the Vita of the holy one Otto, bishop von Bamberg is the monastery Over 1060/62 were born Otto from Swabian aristocracy and probably received its education in the Benediktinerkloster on the in Middle Franconian white castle.

By the bishop Konrad (1153-1171) we know that he was an abbott of the monastery before.

The abbotts of the monastery:

• around 1090 Heinrich
• before 1146 Johannes
• 1146 - 1152 Eberhard
• 1152 - 1153 Konrad von Morsbach
• 1153 - 1160 Berthold
• 1160 - 1163 Effridus
• 1163 - 1180 Isembertus
• 1180 - 1187 Konrad
• 1187 - 1194 Heinrich
• 1194 - 1209 Rigenhardus
• 1209 - 1219 Konrad
• 1219 - 1238 Peregrinus
• 1238 - 1247 Burhard
• 1247 - 1256 Otto von Schwabsberg
• 1256 - 1269 Ulrich of Muhr
• 1274 - 1301 Berthold of
• 1302 - 1318 Werner
• 1323 - 1333 Konrad Lenzenauer
• 1335 - 1348 Ulrich of living
• 1349 - 1357 Heinrich of the Feiste
• 1357 - 1378 Konrad von Morsbach
• - 1381 Ulrich
• 1381 - 1391 William () finery
• 1391 - 1395 Heinrich of the Sachs
• 1395 - 1419 Ulrich (Widenmann)
• 1419 - 1449 William (its grave plate today still is in the lock chapel)
• 1449 - 1475 Johannes Castner
• 1475 - 1495 William Warnhofer
• 1495 - 1510 Michel helmet farmer
• 1510 - 1524 Veit of Gebsattel

1523 transformation of the monastery in a choir gentleman pin

• 1524 - 1528 Gumbrecht of Brandenburg
• 1529 - 1531 Christoph Beck
• 1531 - 1536 Friedrich of Brandenburg

1536 secularization

Toward end 14. Century arrived the monastery into hands of the castle count von (since 1415 Mark counts of Brandenburg). This had in 15. and 16. Century devastating consequences, when it was pulled in again and again into military conflicts.

Weissenburger citizen the monastery robbed and were 1451 in the second large city war out it into fire.

Beginning 16. Century the monastery was dissolved, it served from now on as farm.

1523-1536 gave it still another Kollegiatstift. The abolition took place then 1537.

1588 was gradened the monastery buildings.

Fortress

Beside the citadel (1549ff) and the citadel Spandau (1560ff) the is one of the three narrow-related fortresses in the German-speaking countries remained preserved. They clarify the time-typical weir structure of the Renaissance in unique consequence.

In place of the Benediktinerabtei pc. Petrus and Paulus to in the year 1588 the fortress was begun. Owner was Mark count Georg Friedrich D. of Brandenburg to brook and - Kulmbach (1539-1603). First the master of building of yards Blasius Berwart D led the building. ("† 1589), whereupon the kurbrandenburgische building master Rochus count manufactured new plans, their implementation to Lynar until around 1605 in the hands of the building masters Caspar Schwabe, Blasius Berwart D. J. and Albrecht of Haberland lay.

In the war the fortress was handed over 1631 combatless to the imperial troops under Tilly and arrived only 1649 at Brandenburg to brook back. Despite long Swedish blockades the fortress remained unerobert. In 17. - 19. Century served the fortress also as state prison. 1806 fell the Markgraftum Ansbach and with it the to the Kingdom of Bavaria, which let extensive renovations accomplish. 1867 were waived the fortress characteristic of the and the building was sold 1882 with exception of the southern lock wing to the city white castle, in whose possession the fortress until today is.

In the First World War the was used as prisoner-of-war camp. In the year 1918 here the later French president Charles de Gaulle up to the end of war was arrested in November 1918 (however interrupted by an escape attempt). A memorial tablet to it is inside the Torggangs. On 20 June 1929 on the the first school land home in Bavaria one opened.

During the Second World War the was an internment camp, therefore the Russian cemetery in such a way specified is completely hidden beside the in which beside the graves of Russian commercial sailor also the grave of the Prager composer Erwin schoolhope to be found is.

After the Second World War the was a refugee camp.

1968 received the as excellently received Renaissance fortress rank one "„to national of important architectural monument "“. Today resident the building of locks among other things a school with boarding school for social occupations of woman of the mission service for Christ, stick village.

Building specification

The fortress is an almost regular pentagonale bastion era situation. The five bastions carry the names starting from 1739 of the entrance in the south against the clockwise direction: Virgin, cancer, cold hit a corner and police headquarters, before 1739 were the names: Heier, enriches, Ellingen, police headquarters. The entire plant is bricked from the anstehehden limestone, which is up to 10 m deep drying ditch partly from the rock in accordance with ice ELT, partly by the of the slope developed. Of in 17. - 19. Century inner court development are only the douple swing lock in the south and the west hand received, as well as a restaurants' building 17. - 20. Century south the yard center.

The large Kasematten is remarkable in the bastions, which partly reach height over 6 m. High point is dome-resounds the former with a diameter of more than 14 M.

As water supply well in the west wing originally served the depth. With 133 m it is one of the deepest fortress wells Germany between 1823 and 1831 six rain water cisterns (after plans of the Bavarian engineer captain Franz of hearing man) was established; five of it in the barrier walls, the largest cistern central in the inner court. This, mentioned "„Ludwig cistern "“(after king Ludwig I. of Bavaria), was the largest of their kind in the entire kingdom and is to today a leading product of the engineer architecture.

Future prospects

To approximately to the year 2000 costs of the maintenance and restoration work on nearly completely the fortification in the possession of the city white castle were applied by the Free State of Bavaria, by the district middle Franconia and from the current household of the city white castle. Several million Marks and/or euro were invested annually into the maintenance of stock. After the Free State and the district shortened and/or stopped their subsidies, the city white castle is not any longer in the position to receive the built volumes in the past form. The city white castle can apply only approximately 350,000 euro per year. With the New Year receipt of the city mayor pure hard Schwirzer expressed 2006 for the first time that one had in the future due to the missing money to remember not to receive and collapse let aimed parts of the fortress no more.

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