The northeast ship canal (NOK, English Kiel Canal) is the channel between the Elbe delta at the North Sea and the Kieler at the Baltic Sea. The sea-going vessel travel road crosses Schleswig-Holstein and is the usually-traveled artificial water way of the world. It saves the longer way around the Skagerrak at the north point of Denmark.

The channel was opened to 1895 and was called to 1948 emperor William channel.

Description

The channel belonged to the push-pull ship canals and is locked at both ends by air-locks against the changing water levels (causes by tides or Windstau) of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. The terminator points are in at the Elbe and in Kiel, quarter keel Holtenau in the Kieler They lie apart 98.637 km. The channel crosses several landscape zones of Schleswig-Holstein. First it crosses the march and cuts through then a To Rendsburg the channel orients itself to the Eiderniederung and reaches then the eastern hill country. Most important port in the process of the channel is Rendsburg. Northeast from Rendsburg the channel runs one while long by the old Flussbett of the Eider.

Eight roads and four railway lines cross the northeast ship canal on altogether ten bridges, with Rendsburg exist a road and a pedestrian tunnel, and thirteen vehicle as well as a make transport possible on the other side. An object of interest is thereby the railway high-level bridge with the hanging in Rendsburg, under it. The passage height of the bridges for the navigation amounts to 40 meters.

History

First plans for a channel across the today's Schleswig-Holstein are probably enough in 7. Century back. From the commercial town flowering at that time Haithabu had between the Schlei at the Baltic Sea and the Treene flowing into the North Sea only 16 kilometers Landweg to be bridged. The light ships of the Wikinger were partly carried and/or rolled over this land bridge.

By the later misalignment of the trade in Schleswig-Holstein to Luebeck this plan was however obsolet. Developed the Stecknitz and the Alster good channel, which were however not intended for sea-going vessels.

The direct forerunner of the northeast ship canal was the Eiderkanal, the Danish king from 1777 to 1784 let which establish. It began in Kiel and flowed with Rendsburg into the Eider, of where out it flowed up to the into However a travel lasted by channel and Eider still three to four days.

that submitted finally 1878 Hamburg shipowner and the hydraulic engineering supervisor Boden a plan for a channel, which should lead to a large extent along the today's routing from keel Holtenau to The canal construction profited strongly from the expansion plans of the German fleet of the time at that time and the misalignment of the main port after Kiel.

On 3 June 1887 the Grundsteinlegung took place via emperors Wilhelm Ith in keel get outer after eight years construction period could to emperor Wilhelm IITH that still emperor William channel water route specified at that time on 21 June 1895 open. The building cost million Goldmark to 156, up to 8900 workers approx. 80 millions cubic meter soil had moved. Unusually for a project in this order of magnitude, the canal construction thereby exceeded not the originally taken into account costs. The channel was at this time 67 m broad and 9 m deeply.

By the technical development and the introduction of capital ships in the German navy the channel was not sufficient however already soon, in order to make for these possible the passage. The channel the first time was removed from 1907 to 1914. The width was increased to 102 m and the depth on 11 M. in addition both in Kiel and in two new air-locks each were built. These are with 310 m 42 m clearly more largely as the old with 125 m 22 M. the development cost to 242 million Goldmark and were clearly more expensive thereby than the original building.

• 1918 by the Versailler contract are internationalized the channel.
• 1948 are renamed the channel in northeast ship canal.
• Since 1965 are for the second time extended the channel. For the protection of the embankment those is extended width up to the channel kilometer of 87 to 162 m. This is not final until today, the total costs becomes estimated on 485 million euro. Zurzeit run detailings of the water and navigation management north for the adjustment of the east distance of the northeast ship canal.
• approx. 41,000 ships with approx. 80 million tons charge happened to 2004.

Technical data

Dimensions

Air-locks

Traffic regulations

Since the channel is sea-going vessel travel road and will drive on by very many ships of the most different size classes, very extensive traffic regulations apply on it. There are special rules for meeting and overhauling: As a function of length, width and depth the ships are partitioned in six groups of traffic. Meeting is permissible only in the switches for all ships; otherwise the validity of a meeting depends on the sum of groups of traffic. The maximum speed for ships of the group of traffic of 6 is with 12 km/h (6.5 kn) and for all remaining ships with 15 km/h (8.1 kn). A travel by the channel lasts 6 - 8 Stunden.Die regulation of the traffic flow on the northeast ship canal traffic management one calls.

Tourism

The fastened operating way at the channel is released and made possible reciprocally almost for pedestrians and cyclists on full length upward gradient-free Radtouren in next proximity to the ships. Translating on those different channel side with one of the numerous ferries is free in each case. This had let already order emperors Wilhelm in an arrangement, in order to achieve a larger acceptance in the population, since the artificial water way cuts through older traffic routes.

The cycle tracks at the northeast ship canal are part in May 2004 of the opened German driving race, one approximately 250 kilometers long holidays road, which leads from the Oste to Kiel.

In each case a lay-by with the motorway bridge of A 23 (to the north, before the channel) as well as between the Anschlusstellen 8 and 9 of A 7 makes a view possible on the channel.

Literature (selection)

• Waldemar Jensen: The northeast ship canal - a documentation to the return of the opening, new cathedral 1970 (Wachholtz)
• Karl Ernst Kaminski: The history of the emperor William channel 1887-1914, Itzehoe 1980 (round-look kg)
• Gerd Peter: The northeast ship canal, Hamburg 1995 (charcoal burner)
• Rainer Lagoni: Northeast ship canal 1895-1995: Anniversary publication, new cathedral 1995 (Wachholtz)
• Walter Schulz: The northeast ship canal: a photo chronicle of building history, 4. Edition, heath 1995 (Westholsteini publishing house Boyens)
• Heiner of helmet, Hans Joachim Alexander Bridges over the northeast ship canal: Fascination of the bridge construction art in the course of the time, Kiel 1995 (sneezing wall)
• Rudolf refuge man: From the Baltic Sea to the Elbe: a migration along the northeast ship canal, new cathedral 1990 (Wachholtz)
• Martin Becker: Culture landscape northeast ship canal, book of pictures, 2. Edition, new cathedral 2005 (Wachholtz)

Articles in category "Northeast ship canal"

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