That Hamburg port is belonged the largest sea port of Germany, the second largest in Europe, and to the nine largest container ports of the earth. 2005 became 8.087 million container (2004: 7 millions; 2003:6,1 million) changed. As place of transshipment for raw coffee its position at the point is even world-wide undisputed.

Envelope

11.700 ships with 121 millions NRT started 2002 the port. It offers couch places for 320 sea-going vessels, of it to 38 for large container and bulk carrier, further 9 couch places for large container ships is in planning.

Situation

Its situation (removes 110 km from the delta of the Elbe into the North Sea) has both pro and cons. Excavator ships are regular on the Elbe in use, in order to ensure and for so also large ships possible the passage into the port make the depth of water from 13 meters to. Nevertheless the largest container freighters cannot the port not at all, load fully or only with tide start, why one discusses again and again, the stages of the Elbe, which are not deep enough, out excavators. As counterargument among other things the flood protection is demanded, because that Hamburg port is a Tidehafen, in that ebb-tide and tide prevails - and also highly accumulating storm tides, which not only the port, but also the city center and Elbmar to endanger.

An often forgotten argument for the situation relatively far inland are however the unbeatably small transport costs in the navigation.

Most important advantage of the port is the so-called Freihafen-Gebiet. Will tariff-legally treated this area as foreign country, by ship delivered goods must first not be declared there, but can the port also duty-free by ship again leave. Only with the actual import the customs formalities are to be settled. For this reason this area of the free port is fenced and has at all road approach roads tariff boards of control, which are responsible for truck traffic in particular.

Area division of the port use area

The dockland covers approx. 7,399 hectars (usable 6,480 hectars), of which 4,331 hectars (usable 3.412ha) are land surfaces. In addition 919 hectars port extension area come. 200 enterprises are here settled, which employ approximately 50,000 coworkers. The Moldauhafen, a 30,000 square meter large part Hamburg port, was leased due to the Versailler of contract for 99 years at Tschechien.

Land surfaces altogether: approx. 3,412 hectars (100%)

• Bulk - incl. Containerumschlag approx. 777 hectars (23%)
• Massengutumschlag approx. 304 hectars (9%)
• Raw material and mineral oil-processing industry approx. 629 hectars (18%)
• Other industrie and trade enterprise approx. 561 hectars (17%)
• Surfaces for traffic infrastructure approx. 483 hectars (14%)
• Local en and disposal, harbour authority approx. 117 hectars (3%)
• Green in the port use area approx. 152 hectars (4%)
• Open spaces approx. 103 hectars (4%), of it freely available 15 surfaces with approx. 55 hectars
• Port extension Altenwerder 281 hectars (8%)
  • Container and bulk 130 hectars
  • Surfaces in preparation 45 hectars
  • Green areas 6 hectars
  • Surfaces for traffic infrastructure 29 hectars
  • Remainder surface 71 hectars

Development

The origin of the Hamburg one (Elb The first Hamburg port developed at the realm fleet, a connection between Alster and Bille. ) Lay to a large extent port in the range of the tree barrier and setting forward without dock plants. The ships were in the open Elbstrom because of Duckdalben. This was necessary for safety reasons, in order to prevent an attack on Hamburg von See out.

The charge was reloaded with ship-own cargo handling gear first on small ships and transported to the receivers, within the city was available in such a way the fleets as route of transportation. 1842 was resident in Hamburg port of approx. 200 sea-going vessels, 1893 already was it 631. In the year 1847 the shipping line Hamburg America niche (Hapag), was created the Hamburg-Amerika-Linie.

That French-German war from 1870 to 1871 led to an agreement of Germany and thus to the pressure 1833 created German customs union on Hamburg to step this. One agreed to furnish a free port which was surrounded with a controllable border. With the mechanism of the free port 1888 developed the depots of the memory city, which are used partly today still for the storage of valuable goods such as dte, spice and coffee. In outgoing 18. The Elbinseln between north he and was opened as dockland and it developed numerous harbor basins and dock plants with camp possibilities. The area was tariff-legally foreign trade zone, the goods are treated in such a way, as if they would still be in their country of origin. This makes a subsequent treatment possible, without deliveries must be paid.

In the 19.Jahrhundert its own special language, the Kedelkloppersprook formed here. To end 19. Century ascended Hamburg to the most important maritime trade city of the European mainland. Already in 14. Century had developed Hamburg to the most important German envelope and staple between north and Baltic Sea.

Center of the 19.Jahrhunderts became that Hamburg port importantly for the passenger shipping of German emigrants. Also Russian Jews moved from Hamburg into the United States. The Choleraepidemie of 1892 in Hamburg led 1900 to the building that emigrant resounding.

For the planning of the port town center the area was taken out north the Elbe, including the memory city, to a large extent of the free port.

Containerumschlag

Since the early 1960er grew the portion of the goods transported with containers, the bulk envelope in bags, barrels and crates decreased/went back substantially. Developed highly specialized new forms of the freight transport, the container terminals, which made an ship-own cargo handling gear redundant by their as cranes. These plants developed the core port in Steinwerder (shed 90/91) and walter yard (euro dock and Burchardkai). 2003 were added in Altenwerder the container terminal Altenwerder (CTA). That makes the largest conversion Hamburg port with the Containerumschlag. Hamburg port and logistics AG (HHLA) and company Eurogate GmbH & CO are with the companies. KGaA two main container terminals in Hamburg. The company Eurogate is third biggest the largest container terminal operator in Europe and in the world.

Economics

Except the enterprises of the freight transport

• Shipyards, particularly on the island Steinwerder
• Refineries

For a part of the further transport those provides Hamburg Hafenbahn, so that the road system is relieved.

Accidents

• The prime US disaster (1902)
• Launch Martina (1984)

Museales

For the history Hamburg port is there a large department in the museum for Hamburgi history. Furthermore some are to be visited over the area along the Elbe:

• The Cap San Diego at the overseas bridge is a which can be visited.
• The Rickmer Rickmers is a steel four-mast bark to that Hamburg jetties.
• In the museum port lie some Ewer, a floating crane and frequently also a light ship and the steam ice-breaker Stettin.
• The oldest crane is further crane of the museum of the work at the delta of the Nikolaifleetes, stands to the large Elbstrasse.

See also

• Submarine museum U-434
• Port birthday, a people celebration along the bank of the Norderelbe.

Related links

• http://www.hafen-hamburg.de the common port portal
• Hamburg haven image: illustrated list of ship approaches from and to Hamburg
• Schiffsbewegungen from that Hamburg port and Elbe live
• offers a search for ship departures haven direct
• The German customs administration over that Hamburg free port
• Panorama port Hamburg - interactive 360-Grad-Panorama
• http://www.anhinga.info/toerns/hafenrund/hafenrundfahrt.html a port round travel with the camera
• http://www.elbetreff.de/ELBE/f_elbe.htm photo route with aerial photos
• http://www.hafen-fotos.de many photos from that Hamburg port

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