A camper (also: Caravan) is a trailer for motor vehicles, in which a furnishing is. They belong to the most frequently used holidays accommodations.

Substantial difference to the live-mobile (travelmobile) is the absence of its own drive. Disadvantage is the speed limiting for bottom plates, which does not apply so at least to smaller living mobile (under 3,5 t); Advantage is that the car is available after turning the camper off for trips, without having to carry the whole household forward. Since approx. in the middle of the 80's 20. Century are considered living mobile however as more schicker and to campers than rather narrow-minded. In the year 2005 for the first time became in Germany more living/travel mobiles than caravan again certified.

History

The camper became of a representative named Arist Dethleffs (* 1908; "† 14.Februar 1996) invented, which was it wrong, during its journeys in hotels o. to live and/or his family on journeys to carry forward wanted. It created the company Dethleffs, who manufactures today still campers.

Types

Camper gives it in different basic versions:

• as tent folding camper, which is actually a tent hidden in a trailer (example: Folding master),
• when Klapp-Wohnwagen, which has nevertheless firm of side panels, but while driving the use of the inside mirror in the towing vehicle makes possible (example: the cars of the French company Esterel),
• as camper with stroke roof, which has a somewhat smaller height for the duration of the travel than in the living enterprise (example: Eriba Touring series),
• as usual campers, whose walls are certain.

The first two categories actually play a very small role. Stroke roof campers are nevertheless offered by some companies, but fall at least 90 per cent of all campers into the last group of the usual campers.

With the usual campers distinctive in

• Mini camper, which actually gives it only, because some cars have only small maximum trailer weights,
• Touring or travel camper, the most frequent variant and in
• Luxury campers, which can be pulled only by large passenger car or by jeeps. From campers to to differentiate are mobile homes, which are moved only by tractors or on low loaders by truck and for the journey are not suitable.

Structure and equipment

The structure consists often of a framework, which is beplankt with a plastic or a timber cladding outside with aluminum plate and inside, during between them with plastics foam (often polystyrene) is isolated. Usual wall thickness is 30 to 40 mm, with more expensive models up to 50 mm. The framework consists in few cases of metal, in most cases of wood. Some few campers did not rot a covering from polyester (GRP), those more easily to be repaired can and. Also travel campers are used - at least outside of the actual vacation period - often as week final accommodation in the so-called continuous camping.

Typical travel campers have a panel body length of up to 4,50 m and width of 2,10 m or 2.30 m and to offer depending upon interior equipment up to 6 sleep places, whereby then 2 places are to be used mostly just for children. Is usual 2 to 4 sleep places. Often the sleep places are during the day changable to groups of seats - depending upon size to so-called Gegensitzgruppen (one sits oneself opposite) or U-Sitzgruppen (one sits around at 3 sides around the table). Large luxury campers can be broad up to 8 m long and 2.50 m.

Occasionally there are also two firmly inserted beds in campers, so that that is void constant changes between bed and group of seats. Naturally only a smaller number of persons is to be accommodated, mostly just two.

Usual equipment (except with very small campers) is nowadays a kitchen block with 2 - or 3-flammigen a gas digester, a refrigerator (approx. 70 l and thus half as largely as a table refrigerator at home) and a small rinse. Characteristic of the refrigerator is the possibility, it with 230 V alternating current of being able to operate with 12 V direct current or camping gas (95 % propane and 5 % butane). In the Gasflaschenkasten (in former times pole box) cannot be accommodated with small, suitable for winter conditions camper two 5-kg, with other two 11-kg gas bottles.

The water supply happens with cans (entnehmbar) or tanks (firmly inserted) with a capacity from 20 to 70 l, the waste water (contrary to travelmobile) in a tank is collected, but does not flow into a stored bucket, a can or - better - closed waste water containers. Attached on camping sites freshness and waste water firmly, very rarely also gas. The water must be pumped from the storage vessel to the tap, because there is no downward gradient to the tap. That happens with a 12-Volt-Pumpe, why for the 230-Volt-Betrieb a power pack is necessary. The taps have a contact, which switches the pump on automatically when opening. In former times there was foot switch for this, on which one had to step with the taking out water.

Frequently to find also a wet cell with wash basins is, often also with toilet. Here the company Thetford is prominent. A so-called service flap is helpful, over those the waste water tank with the (black water tank ) to be disposed from the outside and also fresh water refilled can. A showering mechanism gives it in well equipped campers, at least however has new models a showering cup as wet cell soil, so that Wasserspritzer do not know the floor of the car up-soft. For showering mechanism usually also a warm-water supply is present, which can be operated electrically, or however by the warm air of the gas heating (see below) warms up the water.

Nearly all campers have a gas heating, whereby the company is prominent here Truma. For winter camping one needs a warm air distribution plant, so that an even temperature prevails. Likewise so-called winter backrests are necessary; here it concerns measuring rods between padding the groups of seats and the external walls, in order this range to behind air, in order to avoid condensed moisture formation. Particularly for winter camping equipped campers have partly also an under-floor heating, sometimes also with a hot water circulation.

One must always introduce oneself, is exposed to which variations in temperature of the campers with the winter camping: When living pleasant 18-20 "°C, when driving (the heating should be switched off) the temperature perhaps sinks on the outside temperature off on -20 "°C. With arrival then directly again one heats.

For the winter camping an automatic change-over of first is helpful on the second gas bottle, so that the heating does not go out in the middle at the night because of lack of gas.

The chassis of most campers come from the company AL-KO (Alois Kober) or BPW (Bergi axles). Nearly all models are braked, i.e. equipped with so-called over-run brakes. If the passenger car is braked, the camper pushes from the rear. With the pressure of the pole on the ball bar of the trailer coupling the brakes of the camper are operated. These are by the way always drum brakes, because disc brakes cannot in this way be operated with sufficiently high Kraft.

Most campers use a Vorzelt before the camper. Thus the effective area is strongly increased, the mobility is however limited. The Vorzelt is used in particular as wind catch and/or enclosure, for turning off articles and for drying clothes, since it lacks e.g. in the interior place to dry (in order wet clothes). With the continuous camping there often whole kitchen and living room mechanisms stand.

The newest models are presented annually among other things on the "“caravan salon"” in Duesseldorf.

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