The term bath culture refers to bathing in warm or cold water, which serve primarily the cleaning, in addition, the promotion of the health and the well-being. The Dampfbad, today ranked among the Sauna, served likewise this purpose. The origins of the European bath culture lie in the antique one, when public bath houses had also an important social function. In the modern times the bath culture is closely connected with the emergence by health resorts with Thermalquellen as well as seaside resorts. Private bathrooms the large mass of the European population had 20 only starting from that. Century. The meaning of the bath in different epochs was always closely linked with the dominant in each case conceptions of hygiene.

In the broader sense "“baths"” are also ranked in damp air (e.g. in salt lugs), in light (sun bath) or in mud or hay among the bath culture. All forms of bathing serve also to expose the skin to outside attractions. So the idiom a bath in the quantity is to be understood.

Antique one

In the antique Greece and with the Romans the bath culture had a very high value, it gave in each place public bath houses with hot and cold water. One spoke the bath only not cleaning ones, but also welfare-end effect too. Admits is latin sentence Sanus by aquam (health by water). In addition, the Greek physicians used the hydrotherapy, which admits v.a. from Hippokrates was made. When applied with the Greeks in whom hot stones with water were poured over. In addition already numerous sources of welfare were well-known, of which many Gods were geweiht. At particularly effective sources Asklepios temples so mentioned were established, which were visited by patients and who were already in the reason sanatoriums. The most famous this temple was in the city Epidauros. Also the hot sources of Adepsos on the island had a very good reputation.

The Romans developed the bath culture further of the Greeks. 305 v.Chr Rome the first large water pipeline (Aqua Appia) possessed, and at this time a public bath was already furnished. In 4. Century gave it alone in Rome zirka 900 public baths. Rich Romans possessed however also their own bathroom. The public Roman baths were visited by members of all classes; for arms there were also free bath tubes.

Each bath house had covering, a sweating area, a warm bath, a moderately warm area and a cold bath. The plants with under-floor heatings were heated. The expiration of a bath was exactly fixed. To the placing of the dresses the visitors went in Holzschuhen, with bath implements and towel first into the cold bath area (frigidarium), in order to clean itself. Afterwards followed a warm bath area with an ambient temperature from 20 to 25 degrees Celsius, in which there were banks and Wasserbecken. Here one could oil oneself also from officials and let mass. The central area was the warm bath (caldarium) with a temperature of approx. 50 degrees. Because of the under-floor heating the visitors of Holzschuhe had to carry, in order not to burn itself the feet. Here there were several community tubs. The warm bath still another sweating area (sudatorium) with banks followed, thus a Sauna. Again the cold bath with several basins formed the conclusion of the bath.

Large public baths had further areas such as sport and play halls, business and restaurants. With the bath in the antique one also the informal maintenance played a large role. In the hot springs of emperor Diokletian 3000 bath tubs from alabaster are to have confessed as well as 2400 marble armchair. The thermal baths of the Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa were approximately 14,500 m largely; in its will it bequeathed it to the Roman people. Much are also the Caracalla hot springs in Rome as well as the hot springs in Pompeji admit. The emperors Caligula and Nero led at large expenditure sea water by aquaducts into the baths. The last Roman thermal bath originated in to 324 n.Chr among emperors Konstantin.

This bath nature spread with the Roman influence soon in other countries. On German soil the remnants of Roman baths, also the health resorts Baden-Baden and Wiesbaden are to be seen among other things are Roman establishments in Trier and in Aachen. Also the Romans used numerous sources of welfare within their rule range. The most famous antique bathing resort was Baiae at the gulf of Neapel, which became estimated from the emperors Caligula, Nero and Hadrian among other things.

With the conquest of Rome by the Goten in the year 537 the entire water pipeline system was destroyed, so that the hot springs could not be operated any longer. With the decay of the Roman realm in 5. Century began in completely Europe then the fall of the baths, while they remained in the Orient. Only the cross drivers rediscovered the bath culture in the Islamic countries and introduced them again to Europe.

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