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The Bamberger cathedral pc. Peter and St. George belonged to the German emperor cathedrals and is with its four towers the controlling building of the world cultural heritage Bamberger old part of town. On the inside are the famous Bamberger rider, the grave of the only holy spoken pair of emperors of the holy Roman realm as well as the only officially recognized Pope grave in Germany.

History

Chronology

1004 Grundsteinlegung by emperors Heinrich II.
1007 Bamberg diocese becomes
1012 inauguration (therefore in the year 2012 the 1000-Jahr-Feier of the Bamberger of cathedral)
1081 first large fire
1087 provisional reconstruction
1185 renewed large fire and outline
1237 renewed Domweihe (therefore in the year 1989 the 750-Jahr-Feier of the current cathedral)
1611 beginning of the Barockisierung (resumed after that war)
1829 beginning of the Purifizierung on initiative of the Bavarian king Ludwig I.

Patrozinium

The Patrozinium, and/or patronage, the cathedral is consciously selected, in order to stress that the connecting from east church and west church to:

  • The first Pope, Petrus, stands for the Roman church. Simon Petrus was one of the twelve Apostel, which followed Jesus from Nazaret to lifetimes. It is first Bekenner, in addition, Verleugner Christi as well as a first witness of the Auferstandenen, the speaker of the Apostel and director/conductor of the Jerusalemer Urgemeinde.
  • The knight George stands for the Byzantine church. George was a martyr, who was to have died at the beginning of Christian pursuit among emperors Diokletian. In the course of the centuries it became particularly in the east churches the most popular holy one of the Christianity. Special spreading found the kite-kill-hunting of George. 1969 were removed for George von Papst Paul VI. officially from the catholic holy calendar. 1975 emerge the name however again in the Roman general calendar. The first name George belonged further to the popular first names in Europe.
  • The God nut/mother Maria stands for the spreading of both churches. The celebration name is celebrated as a catholic anniversary on 12 September. Pope Innozenz XI. it introduced in the year 1683 to the thanks for the victory over the Turks before Vienna. One before celebrated the name day of the God nut/mother on 8 September: birth. This celebration is common both in the east and in the evening country and looks on a very long tradition with many popular elements back.

To the person of the cathedral founders

The later emperor Heinrich II. it was not predetermined to become once emperors of the holy Roman realm. It was given with five years to the Obhut of the bishop von Freising. Later it visited the renowned cathedral school of Hildesheim and received the further education by bishop from Regensburg, the holy Wolfgang. In its education could measure Heinrich with the clergyman and was more formed than most rulers of its time. After the death of its father in the year 995 he became as Heinrich IVTH duke of Bavaria. When emperor Otto III. died in the year 1002 on an Italy journey without inheriting, Heinrich let the corpse course on its way stop by Bavaria and actually brought the Reichsinsignien. Then it left itself unnoticed, by its opponents, by the Mainzer archbishop Willigis to the king ointments. It let its wife Kunigunde in Paderborn subsequently, crown also to the queen. Twelve years later, in the year 1014, were then crowned the two in Rome to emperors. That means thus that Heinrich the Bamberger cathedral not when emperors but when king based.

995 to 1002 duke
1002 to 1024 king
1014 to 1024 emperors

For Bamberg Heinrich had a special preference and it transferred also the Babenburg of its wife as widow seat. Since it recognized soon the fact that its marriage would remain probably childless decided Heinrich, to establish in Bamberg a diocese into which its possession should flow and be read in that soul fairs for it should. In order to be able to create this new diocese, it extracted areas from the dioceses peppering castle and even if this were church-legally illegal. The Heinrich in reconciliation promised bishop to let its diocese raise to the ore diocese. Also this was church-legally illegal, because this was entitled only the Pope. Heinrich broke the resistance of the Frankfurt Synode of 1007 in the long run, by pressurizing the bishops with gestures of humility morally.

Heinrich died in the year 1024 in the Pfalz Grone with Goettingen and, like it it wished, in the Bamberger cathedral had buried. In the year 1146 he was holy spoken for the Christianisierung of the Westslawen, above all however for the establishment of the diocese Bamberg of Pope Eugen III. In the holy speaking bull of the Pope it means:

Now however we have much ["…] experienced over its Keuschheit, over the establishment of the Bamberger church and many different, also over the re-establishment of seats and the various generosity of its donations, over the Bekehrung king step Hans and completely Hungary, by it caused through God assistance, over its glorious death and over several miracles after its death, happen in presence of its body. Among them we keep particularly remarkable the fact that it lived after receipt of crown and Zepter of the realm not imperially, but religiously and that it in legal marriage community as probably only few to Keuschheit intact to the end of life retained. quoted after Kirmeier et al., P. 50

Empress Kunigunde was only kanonisiert in the year 1200. Around this holy spoken pair of emperors many legends climb. Above all their childlessness was regarded as proof for a keusche marriage. Kunigunde was during lifetimes an important Beraterin of their man and was after its death six weeks long the exclusive Regentin of the holy Roman realm. In this function it could implement the choice of the Saliers Konrad II. Subsequently, she withdrew into the hessian Benediktinerinnenkloster monastery purchases and dedicated themselves to the nursing for the sick.

The first cathedral (Heinrichsdom)

Building of predecessors of the today's Bamberger of cathedral, the Heinrichsdom in such a way specified, was given to the holy one"” in the year 1004 by emperor Heinrich II. "“, the founder of the diocese Bamberg, in order. The building became on a hill over the foundations of the chapel and the cemetery of the former Babenburg, which had inherited Heinrich of its father Heinrich the established. This building of predecessors had no accurate east west adjustment and the future buildings always at the already existing one aligned themselves there, the adjustment from northeast thousand years long to southwest kept.

In the year 1007 Bamberg became diocese, with which the building of churches was enormously revalued. To 6. May 1012, the birthday Heinrichs II., became the cathedral in presence of 45 bishops and other dignitary honours of the Apostels Petrus, which geweiht nut/mother God Maria and holy George. These patronage remained until today. With the Domweihe were present - with only one exception - all archbishops of the holy Roman realm. This underlines the meaning of the new building, because with no other Domweihe of the Middle Ages so many bishops were present. The Heinrichsdom stood in the tradition of the large cathedrals of the 11. Century, however cathedral (116 meters) was in the comparison to the Mainzer and to the Speyerer cathedral (134 meters) with a length of only 75 meters rather grant. Instead of four towers it had only two towers, which flanked the east choir. Is from this cathedral today only the underground grave-put the bishops to receive.

The cathedral Heinrichs was a dreischiffige with transverse house and main choir. All covers were flat and from wood. At the eastern side two low towers stood. A semicircular Apsis formed the conclusion.

The 100 years obtain a conception, as the Heinrichsdom may have looked, later geweihte Jakob church somewhat up from the cathedral mountain. Also it was a dreischiffige and in the time of the gothic and the baroque was only little changed.


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